Decades later, Young's son, who was 13 in 1857, said that he was in the office during that meeting and that he remembered Lee blaming the massacre on the Native Americans. Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. That is, they may be the new faces of conservatism in the West. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. Young believed that Lee's punishment was just but not a sufficient blood atonement, given the enormity of the crime, to allow Lee entrance into the celestial kingdom. [140], Shortly after the arrival of Young's pioneers, the new Latter-day Saint colonies were incorporated into the United States through the Mexican Cession. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. "[77], Among Young's first acts upon arriving in the valley were the naming of the city as "The City of the Great Salt Lake" and its organization into blocks of ten acres, each divided into eight equal-sized lots. A century after Young's death, historian Rodman W. Paul wrote,[161]. A church conference held in Iowa sustained Young and his First Presidency on December 27, 1847. The Constitution of Deseret is silent upon this, we meant it should be so. BYU, which is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, forbids sexual activity among members of the student body, much less between a . Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. [3] Young's use of inflammatory and violent language[4] in response to a federal expedition to the territory (known as the Utah War) added to the tense atmosphere at the time of the attack. [75] Two days after their arrival, Young and the Twelve Apostles climbed the peak just north of the city and raised the American flag, calling it the "Ensign of Liberty. [11] After his rest, Haslam picked up the reply from Young and was instructed to return to Cedar City with the letter quickly and not to "spare horseflesh."[11]. Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. [65] Not all church members followed Young. 1940 Creator. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. During his time as church president, Young led his followers, the Mormon pioneers, west from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Salt Lake Valley. [103] Young said, "I hope to see an Academy established in Provo at which the children of the Latter-day Saints can receive a good education unmixed with the pernicious atheistic influences that are found in so many of the higher schools of the country. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. [19] In April 1832, a branch of the church was organized in Mendon; eight of the fifteen families were Youngs. Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [52] Young travelled east with Wilford Woodruff and George A. Smith from July to October 1843 on a mission to raise funds for the Nauvoo temple and its guesthouse. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. [149] It is believed that he died of peritonitis from a ruptured appendix. . In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Sidney Rigdon, the senior surviving member of the church's First Presidency, argued there could be no successor to the deceased prophet and that he should stay Joseph's "spokesman" and become guardian of the church. The massacre lasted less than five minutes, but when it was. [89] Young organized the first Utah Territorial Legislature and established Fillmore as the territory's first capital. Provo, Utah Area. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. In the story line, the organ built and guided west to Salt Lake City by Joseph Harris Ridges (18271914) of Australia becomes mired in the sand. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. [142] Buchanan accepted the reports of the Runaway Officials without any further investigation, and the new non-sectarian governor was appointed and sent to the new territory accompanied by 2,500 soldiers. [23] In 1870, Young excommunicated some of the participants, including Haight and Lee, from the LDS Church. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. FactSnippet No. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. "[113] Young believed that sexual desire was given by God to ensure the perpetuation of humankind, and believed sex should be confined to marriage. Young himself condemned the counterfeiting. [47] Young married Lucy Ann Decker in June 1842, making her his first plural wife. [82] Young named Heber C. Kimball as his first counselor and Willard Richards as his second. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. Trumpeter Keyon . One of the comments on this movie was that Joseph Smith had appointed his son, Joseph Smith Jr., to be the next prophet which has been a topic of debate since the death of Joseph Smith. [29][30] On May 4, 1835, Young and other apostles went on a mission to the east coast, specifically in Pennsylvania and New York. [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. It is that selfless attitude that captured the hearts of . Young and his two daughters moved to Kirtland along with the Kimball family later that summer. As part of the Reformation, almost all "active" or involved LDS Church members were rebaptized as a symbol of their commitment. [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. Open for public research. [2] His last words were "Joseph! He founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. In 1844, after the assassination of Mormon leader Joseph Smith by an angry mob in Illinois, the Mormons choose Brigham Young as their new leader and follow him to a new promised land in Utah. [130] Young taught that the day would come when black men would again have the priesthood, saying that after "all the other children of Adam have the privilege of receiving the Priesthood, and of coming into the kingdom of God, and of being redeemed from the four-quarters of the earth, and have received their resurrection from the dead, then it will be time enough to remove the curse from Cain and his posterity. [145] Leonard J. Arrington reports that Young received a rider at his office on the day of the massacre, and that when he learned of the contemplated attack by members of the church in Parowan and Cedar City, he sent back a letter directing that the Fancher party be allowed to pass through the territory unmolested. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. In the Season 5 mid-season finale, "False Prophets", Young's son, Phineas, attempts to murder his father. Alan Willson ran from his home in Worthing, West Sussex, after his son called him to say he was being attacked. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. These many attempts were frustrated, largely because of polygamy. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. On this mission he visited the family of his aunt, Rhoda Howe Richards. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. According to historian William P. MacKinnon, "After the war, Buchanan implied that face-to-face communications with Brigham Young might have averted the Utah War, and Young argued that a northsouth telegraph line in Utah could have prevented the Mountain Meadows Massacre."[6]. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. Young was born shortly after his return. . [175], Sources have varied on the number of Young's wives, as well as their ages. This is due to differences in what scholars have considered to be a "wife". should serve the seed of Abraham; he should not be a ruler, nor vote for men to rule over me nor my brethren. The family moved to Vermont shortly before Brigham Young was born. Young's leadership style has been viewed as autocratic. He joined the Masons in Nauvoo on April 7, 1842, and participated in an early endowment ritual led by Joseph Smith that May and became part of the Anointed Quorum. Read a news summary of this talk. Brigham Young was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, from 1847 until his death in 1877. On September 8, 1857, Captain Stewart Van Vliet, of the US Army Quartermaster Corps, arrived in Salt Lake City. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. Young's message of reply to Haight, dated September 10, 1857, read: In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Joseph had been a Reformed Methodist preacher and the two made a similar "preaching circuit" in eastern Canada. In June 1844 while Young was away, Joseph Smith was killed by an armed mob who stormed the jail where he was awaiting trial for the charge of treason. Young also worked to establish the learning institutions which would later become the University of Utah and Brigham Young University. [177] There were fifty-six women who Young was sealed to during his lifetime. Just four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young designated the location for the Salt Lake Temple; he presided over its groundbreaking years later on April 6, 1853. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). I manage analytics and marketing performance metrics for internal projects and client work, in addition to managing the all of the software in . According to Young, he was taught by Smith that Adam is "our Father and our God, and the only God with whom we have to do". Under his leadership, members in the United Kingdom began publishing Millennial Star, a hymnal, and a new edition of the Book of Mormon. From the time Spencer Cox announced his run for governor, he made it clear he was running with his wife. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. [4], Young was born on June 1, 1801, in Whitingham, Vermont. Harriet Amelia Folsom was Wife No. [112] In 1853, Young made the church's first official statement on the subject since the church had arrived in Utah. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. Brigham Young had six sisters and four brothers. As the competing rail lines approach Utah from the east and west coasts, Young supplies Mormon laborers to both railroad companies and negotiates with the railways to have them make Salt Lake City their meeting point. Joe . Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. He averred that Chinese and Japanese immigrants would need to be governed by white men as they would have no understanding of government. Only children under the age of seven, who were cared for by local Mormon families, survived, and the murdered members of the wagon train were left unburied. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. Young was also one of the first to subscribe to Union Pacific stock, for the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Young's father was a farmer, and when Young was three years old his family moved to upstate New York, settling in Chenango County. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. [20] There, Young saw Alpheus Gifford speak in tongues, and in response Young also spoke in tongues. Do clownfish have a skeleton or exoskeleton. Was brigham young stabbed by a son named Phineas? Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. Wikimedia Commons. At its prime, the alphabet was used in two Deseret News articles, two elementary readers, and in a translation of the Book of Mormon. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. At Lee's sentencing, as required by Utah Territory statute, he was given the option of being hung, shot, or beheaded, and he chose to be shot. "[155], At the time of his death, Young was the wealthiest man in Utah, with an estimated personal fortune of $600,000 (equivalent to $15,300,000 in 2021).[153]. Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). 1,204,523 People also liked The mint was closed in 1861 by Alfred Cumming, gubernatorial successor to Young. [144], The degree of Young's involvement in the Mountain Meadows massacre, which took place in Washington County in 1857, is disputed. [159][160] Young was dubbed by his followers the "Lion of the Lord" for his bold personality and commonly was called "Brother Brigham" by Latter-day Saints. Klingensmith escaped prosecution by agreeing to testify against the others. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. But for multiple young women at Brigham Young University, they claim they received backlash . Some Latter Day Saint denominations, such as the Community of Christ, consider Young the "Father of Mormon Polygamy". [67], Before departing Nauvoo, Young focused on completing the Nauvoo temple. Young had a somewhat mixed view of slavery which historian John G. Turner called a "bundle of contradictions". Historians have come to different conclusions on whether contemporary records support this "transfiguration of Brigham Young" (also sometimes called the "mantle phenomenon") as an authentic experience, whatever its causation. Acknowledged to be one of America's great colonizers, Brigham Young was also governor of Utah Territory from 1850 to 1858, superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1851 to 1858, a founder of about 350 communities in the far west, and founder of several score business enterprises. 45-year-old Professor Michael James Clay has been charged with two counts of the second-degree felony of forcible sexual abuse for what he allegedly did to the Brigham Young coed in his charge. When officers arrived at the Nauvoo temple to arrest Young, he sent William Miller out in Young's hat and cloak. The young woman to become his wife was Sarah Hillhouse Alexander, daughter of Adam Leopold Alex ander, of Washington, Georgia and of Sarah Hillhouse Gilbert, his wife. 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