McMillan is not implicated in any of the material cited as evidence against him. The second piece of evidence from Thomas is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847. Some themes may be unpalatable, including tribal warfare, the murderous role of the Native Police, and the role of convicts as both slave labour and perpetratorsthey are part of the historical record but not always part of the written history. According to Dunderdale, Donald Macalister fired at some Kurnai without any provocation. 0000015443 00000 n
Following the murder, Lachlan Macalister wrote a letter to Governor Sir George Gipps via the Sydney Morning Herald in which he implicated the governor for the state of anarchy in Gippsland due to the lack of official protection. An unexpected error occurred. 1 0 obj
This documentary tells the story of the Warrigal Creek massacre of 1843 in Gippsland, Victoria, where as many as 150 Gunai Kurnai children, women and . [37] Again, no proof is offered. Rather, his involvement is presented as a fait accompli. It was well-acknowledged and put on the register of the national estate around the time., The house was built 20 years after the massacre and stands just 20 metres from the site. 0000030150 00000 n
Macalister stated that escaped convicts were committing the most revolting crimes the calendar can namesuch as murder, rape, robbery, forgeries, cattle-stealing, and last, though not least, sly grog-selling, the root of all crime. [56] These accounts nonetheless provide evidence of the otherwise unrecorded conflict between the Europeans and the Kurnai at places such as Bruthen Creek. As Bell indicates the early 1840s certainly were . [51] The latters wife, Lavinia, published a well-known account of their journey. Build a site and generate income from purchases, subscriptions, and courses. Production and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Jakeb Fair, Alex Owsianka, Don Sheil and Ben Winnell. The Geelong Advertiser reported the murder: It is reported that Mr. McAllister was decoyed from his station by a party of blacks on pretext of having found a flock of sheep that had been missing, and that having got him to a spot favourable for their murderous purpose, they set upon him with their waddies, and despatched him under circumstances of the utmost barbarity.[20]. The themes in this page may cause distress. According to Tyers, at least fifty Kurnai were killed by the Native Police and other Aborigines attached to the search parties. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. Please call Drouin Library for more information 56 251564. 0000002096 00000 n
Gardners cover-up conspiracy theory thus rests on an obvious misrepresentation of Hatchers account. Gardners reliability can best be judged by his rewriting of an inter-tribal massacre at Tambo Crossing. They were feared by their tribal enemies for their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans were to encounter.[5]. She worries Australia is still not ready to listen. [41] The conspiracy of secrecy is used to explain why Hoddinott probably with good reason, chose to remain anonymous, as the account implicated Angus McMillan as the leader of this murderous retaliation. The blacks were found encamped near a waterhole at Gammon Creek, and those who were shot were thrown into it, to the number, it was said, of about sixty, men, women, and children; but this was probably an exaggeration.[57]. 0001000963 00000 n
Bell stated: The historic pen of Victorian settlement would paint with truth the horrors of many a scene of Gipps Land life; it was in 1843 that the aggressions of the blacks were so frequent. In July 1843 Angus McMillan and a group of his countrymen known as the Highland Brigade shot between 60 and 150 Gunaikurnai people in retribution for the murder of Ronald Macalister, the nephew of a wealthy pastoralist, Lachlan Macalister, who owned a local station called Nuntin. We were hearing the stories all the time, especially when we were near the places or going past somewhere, my mum would always say, Over that way. Shed point the finger and say, Dont go that way. Bells account and the report of the massacre involving the Native Police in April 1845 can be found by simple searches on Trove. 16 0 obj 0000024533 00000 n
Could you help us please? This article has been rated as Low-importance on the . Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. The question posed at the start of this article was whether Gardners Warrigal Creek massacre story should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. In other parts of the District, prior to my arrival, they had occasionally come into collision with the Settlersthe consequence of which was the murder of four shepherdsand as far as I can learn without any provocationthey have also committed, and are still committing, many depredations on the stock of the Settlerswhich from the nature of the country, and the known fact of their carrying on their depredations at night, it is difficult to prevent. Robinson was also attempting to do the same, although by a different route. 2020, Cnr. bHn=Y,8M*[+GwXfi1^yn}vSuvA@pN. There were simple economic facts that led to this. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. 91 0 obj
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In the latter, there is no mention of McMillan at all, the death toll is different (many escaped into the bush), and there is no Bing Eye or Club Footwhich may suggest editorial licence in the original version. Their prior absence from the discourse may indicate the level of research in this area. 0000115891 00000 n
Don't miss the first Melbourne screening of an important new film, The Warrigal Creek Massacre, by former @Swinburne staff Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye and assisted by current and former Swinburne. Gardner concludes that McMillan's group initially killed two family groups at Warrigal Creek waterhole and then a few days later killed another 60 people at the mouth of Warrigal Creek, then killing three other groups at Freshwater Creek, Gammon Creek, and Red Hill. ktp33#`r[vhJ hR,t%434qrZQ7z the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. [54] Meyrick arrived in Gippsland in 1845 so he was not a witness to anything before that date. 0000030698 00000 n
[50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. GLaWAC has been given permission to screen the Warrigal Creek Massacre film at our office at Forestec. Men, women and children are shot whenever they can be met with I have protested against it at every station I have been in Gippsland, in the strongest language, but these things are kept very secret as the penalty would certainly be hanging. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. stream <>
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[60] Dunderdales geography was correct and it is just possible he knew who he was referring to, given that he arrived in the district just twenty-six years after the event he describedwell within living memory. 0000115969 00000 n
Buntines Bruthen Creek run was several miles and several squatting runs to the west of Warrigal Creek. Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. If a historical narrative is to be used as the basis for debate or action in the public sphere, it should be grounded in non-partisan, objective research and analysis. They did not find any Bunurong so they ransacked a squatters station instead. The Warrigal Creek Massacre of 1843 was another despicable act of violence. 12/02/2019. The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal? This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. 0000024998 00000 n
His reports correlate with the newspaper accounts in describing the violent state of Gippsland. 8 /Filter /FlateDecode >> [16] The Port Phillip Gazette reported in April 1845: A report has been current that a whole tribe of blacks has been extirpated in the Gipps Land country, by the Western Port or Port Phillip blacks, led on by several of the Mounted Black Police; we understand that an investigation is now going on, and we may add it is one of the most extraordinary affairs we have yet heard about. 0000003041 00000 n
There were further reports of violence involving the Kurnai in April 1844 when the Sydney Morning Herald printed a letter from a Gippsland squatter: The blacks are still continuing their outragesburning huts, robbing peoples gardens, and slaughtering cattle by wholesale. [3] Their customs and society were studied in detail by Alfred W. Howitt, but due to violence and the effects of disease, alcohol and the mission system, much traditional knowledge had already been lost by the time he began recording information in the mid-1860s. Bunjileene was a leader of the Gunaikurnai people and Purrine was the head of the Lowanjerri tribe of the Bunurong. I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. It may be student work out of Swinburne. I asked him if he was not afraid of meeting the Blacks, his reply was, Blks Sir no fear of them now they would run away as soon as they see a white man but there are not many left, he said he had a Brother who had been in Gippsland from the first his name was Bunton & kept a Public house in Gippsland by the Dirty Water Holes & a cattle station joining to Mr. McAllister who was killed, that after Mr. McAllisters murder great slaughter of the blacks took place and that on his brothers station a cart load of Blks bones might be gath.rd up [49]. Peter Gardner[1]. %PDF-1.3 endstream Many Bunurong joined the police and used the guise of their role to extract vengeance on the Kurnai. At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. 0000003620 00000 n
Dunderdale states: Lachlan Macalister had a long experience in dealing with blackfellows and bushrangers; he had been a captain in the army and an officer of the border police. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. This changed with the arrival of Tyers, who told La Trobe: The run-away Convicts, and other bad characters with which the District was infested a few months ago have, I believe been nearly all driven out by the system of surveillance pursued by the Border Police, acting under my instructions.[29]. Word of the murder was sent to Lachlan Macalister. y]\lt`(+WT5[y&Z}_~PbEH/XFN4Kz+Vb)44BQ?Zh*Y Eo4/xhJk [8], Michael Connor: The Massacre Maps shoddy research, In order to export livestock, the squatters needed a port and grazing land in Gippsland, as it was the closest part of the mainland to Van Diemens Land. [4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. If you would like to participate, visit the project page. 0000117691 00000 n
In a letter to his family in England dated April 1846, the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick said: .css-cumn2r{height:1em;width:1.5em;margin-right:3px;vertical-align:baseline;fill:#C70000;}The blacks are very quiet here now, poor wretches. Gardner omitted a part of the quote that indicates Hatcher travelled to Gippsland with a man named Bennett. 12 Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary This documentary will be shown at the Regent Theatre in Yarram on 10 July at 7.30pm during Naidoc Week. Use your same username and password to log in and you'll be The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. trailer
The other forty-six convicts were employed on the squatting runs. Your email address will not be published. It also suggests that the squatters were unprepared for the resistance they faced. [12] The first reported attack on the squatters came in 1841 when, it was said, 600 Kurnai attacked Macalisters run. Shepherds worked in pairs, armed, as if in an enemys country, to resist them; and it was 1843 that ended by wholesale destruction, the massacres at Warrigal Creek and Bundalaguah Swamp, where only one aboriginal was left to tell the story of how they died and the history of his race.[61]. The current awareness of the Warrigal Creek massacre stems largely from the writing of the self-published historian Peter Gardner, who contends that his work represents currently accepted history. 0000007199 00000 n
The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres south of Sale, and 200 kilometres east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. Intertribal warfare was endemic in the region with raid and counter raid where men, women and children were slaughtered as they slept, and then eaten. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. The murder of Ranald Macalister may have been the pretext for an attack on the Kurnai at Warrigal Creek or Gammon Creek but this is not borne out by the contemporary historical record. In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa
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Voice.Treaty.Truth. This documentary captures a story from Victoria, however there were similar stories as the waves of colonisation swept across the country. 0000000016 00000 n
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`d``A h! Lachlan Macalisters demand of Gipps to provide protection for the settlers gives the impression that the settlers were on the defensive against both the Kurnai and the convicts. The theme for Reconciliation Week 2018 is 'Don't keep history a mystery' Learn - Share - Grow. [35] This simplistic reductionism obscures the complexity of Gippslands early history, evident in his rejection of Robinsons observations on the escaped convicts. 0000021061 00000 n
However, the region was isolated from the rest of New South Wales by mountains, rivers, forests, swamps and the fierce reputation of the Kurnai. News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. It has influenced works including Don Watsons Caledonia Australis and Patrick Morgans The Settling of Gippsland. It is cited in the Australian Dictionary of Biography entry for McMillan, which is in turn cited on the Victorian Parliament website. 0001021671 00000 n
4751, June, 1980. This article has been rated as Stub-Class on the project's quality scale. Elizabeth Balderstone stands next to Warrigal Creek on her farm in Victoria the site of an 1843 massacre. %%EOF
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He was afterwards adopted by one of the party and called Bing Eye. To discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was in Gippsland before 1848. Some of the tale also bears a resemblance to accounts of the Hospital Creek massacre in New South Wales that emerged between 1911 and 1919, in which the survivor was a one-eyed Aborigine. In a letter to the Age in August 1874, R.L. We acknowledge that in our past, as in most nations, bad things have happened. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. Advice: This page does not contain images of people who have died. Emotional articles in the Guardian in 2019 parroted the denunciation of McMillan, as did the Gippsland Times in June 2020. >> Messrs. Pearson and Cunninghame have been the latest sufferers by those cannibals; it is not only the stock they kill we feel the loss of, but running the remainder off their runs, and the expense the proprietors are put to in collecting their cattle, and procuring guns and ammunition for everyone engaged in their employment.[22]. Events.com Browse is curated to help you find and attend events you love. [11] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2, [13] Port Phillip Patriot 23 December 1841, p. 3, [15] Fels, Marie Hansen (2010) I Succeeded Once: The Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula 1839-1840 , ANU E-Press, pp 249-271, [16] See also: George Henry Haydon (1846) Five Years Experience in Australia Felix pp151-152 (on-line edition), [17] Port Phillip Gazette 30 April 1845 p.2, [18] Gardner, P D (2005) The Myth of Tribal Warfare On-line essay, [20] Geelong Advertiser 5 August 1843, p.2, [21] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2. This provides a contrast to Gardners analysis, which is based largely on a story from a schoolchildrens magazine from 1925. Gardner claims it is a secondary source but it is, at best, folk history that he has embroidered with his own fiction about McMillan. This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the hidden history of the 1843 massacre of the Gurnaikurnai people at Warrigal Creek. 0001064425 00000 n
Create events for free. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". Perhaps the most revealing example of Gardners influence is Cal Flynns Thicker Than Water, in which McMillan is denounced by his own descendant. Howitt noted that the Kurnai killed by the Europeans were mostly, though not all, fighting men of the tribe. NAIDOC Week 2019. 0000001936 00000 n
>> /ExtGState << /Gs2 23 0 R /Gs1 24 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 11 0 R /TT3 12 0 R Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. It is free to attend this event, but bookings are essential. [7], Many histories of Gippsland have quaint notions of founding fathers, churches and shires, but the reality is that squatters occupied the region in order to capture a share of the filthy lucre of the Van Diemens Land convict economy. While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. 0000024227 00000 n
He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the Brigade from one camp to another. 0000001766 00000 n
He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. Just before European settlement, the Kurnai raided as far as Brighton and Arthurs Seat on Port Phillip Baya distance of at least 120 kilometres as the crow fliesand they are believed to have wiped out about half of the Bunurong. [1] Gardner, P. D. (1993) Gippsland Massacres (third edition) Ngarak Press, Ensay, Victoria, p. 66, [3] Howitt, A W (1880) The Kurnai: Their Customs in Peace and War in Fison, L. and Howitt, A W Kamilaroi and Kurnai Anthropological Publications, Oosterhout, facsimile edition, pp 227-29, [6] Morris, H. B. An independent expedition from Melbourne to Corner Inlet in the barque Singapore in the same year led to the discovery of the mouths of the Albert and Tarra rivers. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C
-[Y1d-ZZ. endobj I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. The story was written anonymously for a magazine for primary school children eighty-two years after the incident described, without attribution, and by someone who was not there. There exists little to no official documentation of the Warrigal Creek Massacre. Considering that Gardner has political motives and a disdain for objectivity, his work should perhaps be seen as a political campaign rather than as history. 29 May 2018. The Scottish colonist and pastoralist, Angus McMillan, led a group of around 20 colonists to attack and kill several groups of Aboriginal people across a number of days. <>
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He has attached his own assertions to his source material without distinguishing between them, and these assertions are made without proof or explanation. I have seen somewhere that this version of the. [52] There could not have been a cover-up if human remains were still visible after their arrivals. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. Gardner prefaced the following quote from Gippslander stating that after the murder of Macalister, An avenging party set out under the leadership of Angus McMillan , The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for a breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. One man was killed with thirteen spears, his body was mutilated, and his arms and legs were removedthe Kurnai were cannibals. In March 1840, twenty Bunurong men from Westernport escaped the supervision of Assistant Protector William Thomas to undertake a raid into Gippsland. Please note and use or adapt the following words. I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. The manager of the Krowathunkooloong keeping place in Bairnsdale, Rob Hudson, agrees. Unfortunately, in Gippsland, his diatribe against McMillan has been conflated with issues such as Reconciliation and Black Lives Matter. , Donald Macalister fired at some Kurnai without any provocation and research by Danielle Bowen, Jonathan Boadle, Fair... 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