Make sure the area does not get very dry and has well-drained soil. Although edible, its easy to confuse edible Cornelian cherry dogwood red berries with poisonous fruits from the Cornus florida species. Cuttings need early protection with a planting dome and grow lights before planting in the ground. This is because it is visually similar to the Flowering dogwood and requires similar growing conditions. This article is a guide to identifying species of dogwood trees with red berries. In springtime, the Kousa dogwood produces an abundance of yellow-green flowers and pinkish-red fruit in summer. Dogwood berries (botanists call them drupes) are about quarter-inch to a bit more than a 1/2-inch long. It has a dense, bushy habit and can also be grown as a large shrub. Let's stay updated! Members of this species are a bit sensitive to late frost. Flowering Dogwood trees thrive in the shade. Roughleaf Dogwood 14. By fall, any remaining red berries will become camouflaged due to the foliage, which warms up to a bright shade of scarlet red. As a member of the Swida subspecies, the fruit that the common Dogwood produces should not be consumed by humans. Canadian bunchberry The Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) is well known in some areas in Canada for a number of different reasons, including being 1 of the 2 only sub scrubs in the dogwood tree family. The foliage of this dogwood is green through summer and warms up to shades of orange, yellow, and red in fall. Dont forget that natural products arent always risk-free, and the proper dosage is critical, too. However, there is considerable debate on whether dogwood berries should be reclassified. Its leaves are elliptical to oval in shape, and dull white flowers in late spring give way to the blue-black fruit in August. It prefers swampy areas, wetlands, and areas near streams and ponds. Also known as Japanese dogwood, Chinese dogwood, and Korean dogwood, Kousa Dogwood is native to multiple regions in Asia and has become a highly popular ornamental tree in the United States. The giant Dogwood grows best in the sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soil. Commonly referred to as evergreen dogwood, Bethams cornel, and Himalayan strawberry tree, the Himalayan Dogwood is native to woodland areas throughout Asia and parts of Australia. Flowering dogwoods grow to between 12 and 20 feet (3.5-6 m.) tall with a trunk diameter of 6 to 12 inches (15-31 cm.). Lower branches should be pruned away to enhance the appearance of the bark. You can grow it as a small tree or a tall, multi-stemmed shrub. Many gardeners consider flowering dogwood as one of the most spectacular landscaping trees. 6 Types of Dwarf Dogwood Trees with Pictures. There are several types of dogwood trees producing berries. In the past, traditional medicine prescribed dogwood berries as a natural diabetic and antihistamine agent, although these claims have never been verified. Red twig dogwood shrubs grow 6 to 8 feet tall. Up to 9 ft. tall and 5 ft. wide. The 13 Different Types of Dogwood Trees 1. Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood, and kousa dogwoods. Flowering dogwood has a low-branching habit with a flattish crown. Most dogwoods prefer a site with dappled sunlight. Cornus Canadensis (Bunchberry, Canadian Bunchberry, Canadian Dwarf Cornel, Dwarf Dogwood). It is a small tree, growing to around 20 feet tall, that sheds every year and has pink, white, red flowers. Celestial Dogwood ( Cornus x 'Rutdan') - The white bracts overlap and have a green tinge, although they become pure white after a few days. Once they fall to the ground, they can create some havoc with playtime activities. The bark is smooth, dark green, and streaky; eventually turning light brown with narrow fissures. Over time, the branches become a bright red, and by wintertime, the plant provides lovely contrast against a bare or snowy backdrop. It's a kind of shrub that grows multiple stems. In late spring, the plant produces white flowers, leading to white fruit in the summer. The clusters of shiny berries can remain on the tree for several months, unless they are ravished by birds. The bracts are two to three inches across . 'Magic Flame' However, more significant amounts of dogwood berries can cause vomiting issues . These berries are safe to consume; however, skin contact with the tree has been linked to rashes. While this dogwoods fruit isnt suitable for humans, upland game birds and songbirds love it. Sumac shrubs look and grow like gray dogwood, which is also known as northern swamp dogwood. Finally, the trees have white flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves turning red in the fall. Like flowering dogwood, this plant is quite susceptible to dogwood anthracnose disease; check with local authorities before planting it, as it may be discouraged. It is customary to eliminate the astringent skin of the dogwood berries before eating it, but the meat has a peculiar, sweet flavor resembling stone fruits. It is a deciduous dogwood tree that proliferates and can reach an impressive 50 feet tall hence the giant distinction. The drupes are red and shiny with smooth skin. The most common dogwood tree with red berries is the kousa dogwood. Dogwood trees are instantly recognizable due to their unique appearance, and there are 15 distinct varieties. The sweet, tasty red berries from the kousa dogwood tree taste like soursop or persimmon fruits. The fall color is not very showy. There are many types of poisonous berries in North America, and some of them look similar to edible berries. fruit, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a flowering plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. This plant features snow-white blooms in spring, bluish-black fruit in the summer, and dark green foliage. . Conditions: Full sun; adaptable to a broad range of soils; fairly drought tolerant and pH adaptable. Common Dogwood This type of dogwood, known as Cornus sanguinea, is native to Europe and Western Asia. These berries vary in color from red to pink and orange, and they dangle solo rather than in groups or clusters like many other types of dogwood berries. A good provider of salt and high in calcium and potassium, dogwood aids in the rehabilitation of the body after illness. Left to right: Fruits of Cornus mas, C. alba 'Sibirica', C. kousa, and C. sanguinea) Dogwoods trees produce berry-like fruit in various colors, shapes and sizes. The rough leaf dogwood produces flat-topped clusters of cream-colored flowers in the spring. If you're not 100 percent certain . Therefore, the small shrub-like trees are ideal for foundation planting, shrub borders, privacy screens, or flowering hedgerows. It produces an abundant display of yellowish-green flowers in spring and pinkish-red berries in summer. Before you plant this type of plant, make sure to check your local regulations, as it may be discouraged. Plantglossary.com Is A Participant In The Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, An Affiliate Advertising Program Designed To Provide A Means For Sites To Earn Advertising Fees By Advertising And Linking To Amazon.com. In spring, its small white flowers form in clusters known as cymes, which are known for their unpleasant smell. It can range in size from a small tree to a medium-sized tree, with tiers of horizontal branches that become smaller as they get closer to the top of the tree, creating an overall cone shape. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. You should also clear fallen leaves from around the trunk since the plant can get fungus. Flowering dogwood is susceptible to anthracnose, a devastating and incurable disease that can kill the tree. This Dogwood is a very showy variety, which offers year-round visual interest. Cornelian Cherry Dogwood (Cornus mas) Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea) Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Gray Dogwood (Cornus racemosa) Pagoda Dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) Pacific Dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) Creeping Dogwood (Cornus canadensis) Common (Cornus sanguinea) Siberian Dogwood (Cornus alba) Himalayan Flowering dogwood (Cornus capitata) The white flowers give way to red fruits in late summer, which are edible for humans. The shrub has multiple stems, is open, and has a rounded shape. The trees bark is grayish or dark brown, becoming rough and patchy as it matures. In the Peach State, they mature during September and October. C. alternifolia produces blue -- almost black -- berries on lovely red stems. If you plant kousa dogwood as a fruit source for birds, steer away from the Stellar series, such as Stellar Pink ( Cornus "Rutgan" Stellar Pink), which is a hybrid cross between flowering dogwood and . Common Types of Dogwood Trees With Red Berries The three common types of dogwood trees producing red berries are the kousa dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood, and the flowering dogwood tree. Chinese dogwood is turning red and ripening, and fortunately the birds go after these fruits first, giving us a bit more time to harvest the seeds before they are eaten or they fall off the tree. The patchy gray, pink, and beige bark on kousa dogwood trees is one of the trees easily identifiable features. Unfortunately, the small round globous red fruits also are packed with seeds, making them difficult to eat. The white dogwood is a medium-sized tree. Lets look at the four different types of dogwood trees best suited to cultivated landscapes. To enhance the appearance of the bark, lower branches should be trimmed away frequently. Most dogwood berries are popular as food amongst birds and other wild animals, and some are also edible for humans. The fruits on this dogwood shrub are a brilliant shade of blue. Kousa dogwood produces its showy red berries early in August. Ground covers that spread via stolons or rhizomes, or growth stems close to or just beneath the soil, as well as kinds that generate new plants at the end of leaf nodules, can spread without putting a strain on dogwood roots. Young versions of this plant may also sport appealing red stems, but this usually fades to a dull green when the plant matures. Stiff dogwood (also known as swamp dogwood) is a large shrub or small tree. Clemson University Cooperative Extension. Pacific dogwood thrives in USDA zones 6b through 9a. Dogwood Berries - Cornus Kousa - YouTube The fruit of the Korean Dogwood - Cornus Kousa - is edible! Distinguishing between kousa dogwood berries and flowering dogwood and Cornelian cherry dogwood berries is relatively simple. Dogwood bark was traditionally brewed into a tea and used to cure diseases including yellow fever and malaria. The berries can remain on the tree for several months if they dont get demolished by hungry birds. The rough leaf dogwood gets its name because of the coarse hairs found on the foliage. The common name for this plant will help you identify it. Dogwoods, from the genus Cornus, consist of a large group of flowering trees and shrubs. With species native to North America, Europe, and Asia, in addition to numerous cultivars, youll have no issue finding a dogwood that best suits your purposes. They mature to about 30 feet tall x 30 feet wide (their width and height are roughly equal at maturity) once they reach 20-30 years old. Cornelian dogwood berries Ornamental cornelian cherries are the most popular type to be seen in residential gardens. Chestnuts are protected by the bur (as in right bur), once they fall to the ground, crushed . Though, the plants fall foliage is an appealing red or purple color. In USDA zones 5 through 8, kousa dogwood ( Cornus kousa ) bears showy, pinkish-red fruits that resemble raspberries.Although the taste doesn't rival that of its lookalike, the berries are edible. The pink Japanese Dogwood (Cornus kousa Satomi) yields exquisite pink blossoms. Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood, and kousa dogwoods. The plants fall foliage ranges in hue from red to purple. 01 of 12 Canadian Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) Alan Majchrowicz/Getty Images The Canadian bunchberry (also known simply as bunchberry or dwarf cornel) is one of two subshrubs in this group. As time goes on, the shade keeps brightening until it becomes very red in winter, providing a perfect contrast to a snowy or bare landscape. Some of the types of Dogwood you can grow in your garden are: 1. Some have winter flowers, others offer stunning bracts in late spring, colourful winter stems, striking autumn foliage or berries. Cornelian Cherry Dogwood 5. The fruit stalks remain and turn an attractive red. Descriptions and pictures of the deciduous trees red fruit, leaves, and bark will help you recognize red-berry-producing dogwood trees in the landscape. Unlike many of the other dogwoods mentioned thus far, the fruit that the cornelian cherry produces is edible. Giant Dogwood 7. For example, the beautiful kousa dogwood tree is a bit high-maintenance thanks to the necessary clean-up of its falling fruits. In the shade, they may have poor fall color, but they have a more graceful, open canopy shape. Large areas of the Asian continent are home to the Kousa dogwood tree, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea. Dogwood flowers (those buttonlike clusters at the center of the bracts) rely on insects for pollination. Dark blue berries bloom in the fall where the leaves meet the branches, giving the tree a regal appearance. Although the individual blooms are small, a giant dogwood in full bloom is magnificent. Partial to full sun. The fruit that this type of Dogwood produces is a vibrant shade of blue. The oval leaves are about 4 inches long, and the fruits turn cherry red in mid-summer. In fall, the foliage will develop to intense shades of red and purple before falling to the ground. In early summer, creamy white flowers arrive, which give way to fleshy red fruits which resemble strawberries. Northern Swamp Dogwood 10. Bright yellow colors appear in late winter or early spring, followed by densely growing green foliage, then clusters of small red cherry-like drupes. Monrovia describes the aurora dogwood (Cornus x Rutban) as having creamy white blossoms with a silky feel. The star-shaped flowers stand out beautifully against the foliage and later develop into berries which are an important source of food for birds and other types of wildlife. Kousa dogwood flowers appear on branches long after the tree leafs out. It is rarely planted in landscapes, except in mountainous alpine gardens. However, the compound berries look like single round fruit. Native to the Eastern U.S., this handsome tree thrives in USDA plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. This type of Dogwood has dark-green, lance-shaped leaves which transform to a purplish-red color in the fall. Fruit is blue-black. Dogwoods can be identified by their smooth-edged leaves, with veins that are parallel to the margins (edges). It prefers moist, well-draining soils, but it will also perform well in soils that are dry or wet, and boggy. These fruits grow in clusters, characterized by their round shape and bumpy texture similar to a strawberry. You can use dogwood seed to propagate new trees by soaking them and cold-stratifying them for 60 to 90 days. The fruits of the Canadian bunchberry are edible for humans. Species like Kousa, Himalayan, and Silkyknown for their showy blossoms, typically contain red fruit that does not turn blue-black with age. Dogwood trees are identified by their lanceolate leaves measuring 2.4" to 5.1" (6 - 13 cm) long. Its fall foliage ranges from purple to red. Each year, the gray Dogwood will have a fresh, new orange-brown bark. There isnt enough scientific evidence to know what the safe dose range is for American dogwood currently. However, keep in mind that this may affect fruit growth, limiting the year's harvest. The popular kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and Cornelian cherry dogwood (Cornus mas) are tasty, sweet berries with hard seeds in the flesh. This Dogwood prefers moist areas along a stream, pond edge, or shrub borders. Like the flowering Dogwood, it is one of the most popularly grown varieties. The flowers are quite showy, typically spanning up to 4 inches across. The 17 types of dogwood trees in this genus that are native to the United States also include some species that are best described as subshrubsfast-growing woody plants that tend to die back in the winter to ground level and grow back from buds near the base of the plant. Also known as bloodtwig dogwood or European dogwood, this species is an upright deciduous shrub with multiple stems. According to Eat the Planet, two varieties of dogwood have berries that can be eaten by people. The Siberian Dogwood is also known as red-barked and white Dogwood. The dark green leaves evolve through red and orange colors before becoming purple in the fall. Older trees with patched bark may begin to peel. A few species, however, have leaves that alternate on the stems. This tree is a beautiful specimen plant that grows best in moist, well-draining soils. The Cornelian cherry dogwood, Cornus mas, is a little-known dogwood of note. This type of Dogwood is generally found near water, typically right on the bank of a water source, and it will be less thirsty in your garden by performing regular deep watering. This herb is still used in traditional Chinese medicine, but its becoming less popular. The trees do best in full sun to part shade and while they do well in a variety of soils, they prefer fertile, well-draining soil with a pH of 5.5-7.5. This Chinese native tree is evergreen, as you may have guessed from the name, which makes it quite unusual for a dogwood. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Scale insects and dogwood borers are the most common insect pests affecting dogwoods. Most shrub-like dogwoods are in the Cornus genus and called dogwood, like Tatarian dogwood ( Cornus alba ). In almost every month of the year there's interest from one cornus or another. Poisonous flowering dogwood red berries look different from kousa dogwood berries. Some species even have colorful stems that offer winter appeal. In the late summer, these berries turn a cherry red and are tasty. Look for types that are advertised as having a moderate growth rate rather than a high growth rate. The three common types of dogwood trees producing red berries are the kousa dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood, and the flowering dogwood tree. The dark-green leaves are lance-shaped and turn purplish-red in the fall. Flowering Dogwood 6. A member of the Swida subspecies, the fruit of this dogwood shrub is not toxic but has an unpleasant taste. Dogwood was once used in place of the medicine quinine to cure malaria. The fruits are edible, although . Their flavor ranges from bitter to sweet and is known for having a taste that is somewhat similar to an over-ripe banana. The flowers are also the state flower of North Carolina. Dogwood is used to treat headaches, weariness, fever, and diarrhea that wont go away. Because of its showy nature, the Flowering Dogwood is the most commonly planted variety. In the fall, a magnificent whitish tint appears on the rough leaf dogwood berries after it begins as a greenish color in August. Often referred to as northern swamp dogwood, the gray Dogwood is a deciduous shrub native to the eastern parts of North America, including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Canada. Shop at our Thrive Life food store. Additionally, kousa dogwoods produce red berries 0.78 to 1.1 (2 3 cm) across. Pacific Dogwood 11. Many dogwood shrubs grow well in soil that is wet for short periods during the growing season, which makes them suitable for rain gardens and low spots in the landscape. It grows best in full sun to partial shade, approximately six hours of sunlight a day. Even though it has a sour taste, this fruit is said to be delectable by many. The Kousa grows to 15 to 20 feet, has flakey bark, and long-lasting white "flowers" which usually come out about a month after its cousin, the Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida.) Because of how beautiful they are throughout the year, they are a popular choice for any environment. At least 36 different species of birds feast on the dogwood's fleshy red berries, including northern cardinals, tufted . By contrast, the Flowering dogwood produces berries that are devoured by birds, but they are known to be mildly poisonous to humans. This species and the Pacific dogwood are prone to dogwood anthracnose, which can be controlled by pruning away affected branches. While many dogwoods produce fruit, a few species have berries that are toxic to people (although birds can eat them safely). It is a part of the subgenera Chamaepericlymenum, grows very low to the ground, and spreads by rhizomes. Though, not all of them are popularly grown. In contrast, the flowering dogwood berries have a woody growth on one end. Fruit, cone, nut, and seed descriptions: Attractive fruit is porcelain blue with white blotches, ripening in late summer. The tree can be pruned and trained into a single . The tree can tolerate full sun but prefers a partially shaded spot. The first difference you will notice is that the leaves appear before the flowers, and the tree flowers a couple of weeks later than the flowering dogwood. However, the deciduous tree requires average moisture, so you should water it to keep the soil consistently moist. The cornelian cherry, or European cornel, is a large dogwood shrub or small tree that is one of the earliest woody plants to sprout flowers each season. Use a protective tree sleeve or tube on the tree trunk until the dogwood is established. Pests can include aphids, scale, lace bug, fall webworm, or apple maggots. The petal clusters of other dogwood varieties are bigger and more open. Let's dive in! While the Siberian Dogwood may not have the showiest blooms, it does add some nice color to the landscape. They can grow up to 20 feet tall, and varieties of dogwood trees include Kousa, Cornelian Cherry, and Canadian Bunchberry. Stardust Dogwood ( Cornus x 'Rutfan') - This low, spreading tree is smaller than the other Rutgers hybrids. The leaves on the dogwood are ovate-shaped, measuring 3 to 6 (7.5 15 cm) long. Feel the coarse hairs found on the leaves in this species and you will see why this is named the rough leaf dogwood. The plant has yellow flowers with oval foliage that is approximately four inches in length. Dogwood Identification, Sizes, and Growing Requirements. Honeysuckle. However, most gardeners choose this shrub-like dogwood for its red-hued stems in winter. Actually, its flowers are quite small. In most cases, they are edible and can be used in cooking, though some dogwoods produce mildly toxic fruit to humans. Dogwood trees are a collection of tree species that belong to the dogwood genus ' Cornus'. The 15 types of Dogwood trees include: Though, you are not limited to just these options. This is a spectacular small tree or medium shrub which blooms very early in the year. Others can be purple-black or white. Some examples include but are not limited to: There are several things that kill Dogwood that you need to be on the lookout for. About 60+ species of mainly woody plants make up the Cornus genus, some of which can be considered small trees in the wild. Technically, dogwood berries are not classified as poisonous to dogs. Mature Cornelian cherry dogwood trees have scaly, exfoliating bark. This feature is unlike edible kousa dogwood fruits that are round with leathery skin covered in bumps. Flowering dogwoods have tremendous ornamental appeal in garden landscapes. Sign up for our newsletter. Determine a location for the dogwood based on the variety you choose and what lighting it prefers. 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