MEMPHIS, Tenn., Oct. When General Nathan Bedford Forrest was born on 13 July 1821, in Chapel Hill, Marshall, Tennessee, United States, his father, William B Forrest, was 20 and his mother, Miriam A Beck, was 19. [34][54], By early summer, Forrest commanded a new brigade of inexperienced cavalry regiments. [192] Consequently, Memphis sold the park land to Memphis Greenspace, a non-profit entity not subject to the Tennessee Heritage Protection Act, which immediately removed the monument as explained below. [112] Concerned about U.S. Army supply lines, Maj. Gen. Sherman sent a force under the command of Maj. Gen. Andrew J. Smith to deal with Forrest. [13] Forrest's family lived in a log house (now preserved as the Nathan Bedford Forrest Boyhood Home) from 1830 to 1833. Nathan Unhealthy Forest Essay. [140] The organization had grown to the point that an experienced commander was needed, and Forrest was well-suited to assume the role. Forrest's legacy as "one of the most controversialand popularicons of the war" still draws heated public debate. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathan_Bedford_Forrest&oldid=1138674019, Confederate States Army lieutenant generals, People of Tennessee in the American Civil War, Articles with dead external links from August 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Raids in Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi, early December 1862 early January 1863, Farewell address to his troops, May 9, 1865, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 23:40. Debate over the memory of this incident formed a part of sectional and racial conflicts for many years after the war, but the reinterpretation of the event during the last thirty years offers some hope that society can move beyond past intolerance. [143] James R. Crowe stated, "After the order grew to large numbers we found it necessary to have someone of large experience to command. The following scene satirically depicts Hanks as Forrest in a Ku Klux Klan outfit, donning a hood and being superimposed into Klan footage from The Birth of a Nation. Laying down the body, Forrest spread his handkerchief over his dead brother's face and, calling on a member of his escort to remain with the corpse, he mounted his horse and said to those who were present: "Follow me.". During . [170], During the presidential election of 1868, the Ku Klux Klan, under the leadership of Forrest, and other terrorist groups, used brutal violence and intimidation against blacks and Republican voters. Perhaps the most highly regarded cavalry and partisan ( guerrilla) leader in the war, Forrest is regarded by many military historians as that conflict's most innovative and successful general. Gen. Benjamin Grierson's cavalry division. All Previous Reports Fully Confirmed. Nathan Bedford Forrest, the "wizard of the saddle," was one of the finest Confederate cavalry commanders and one of the foremost military figures produced by the state of Tennessee. -- Nathan Bedford Forrest #Military #Firsts "I have never on the field of battle sent you where I was unwilling to go myself, nor would I now advise you to a course which I felt myself unwilling to pursue. [19][13][20] In 1858, Forrest was elected a Memphis city alderman as a Democrat and served two consecutive terms. You have been good soldiers. [171] Grant defeated Horatio Seymour, the Democratic presidential candidate, by a comfortable electoral margin, 214 to 80. The Klan, with Forrest at the lead, suppressed the voting rights of blacks in the Southern United States through violence and intimidation during the elections of 1868. He served as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, a secret vigilante organization which launched a reign of . [18], Forrest had success as a businessman, planter, and enslaver. [99] President Abraham Lincoln asked his cabinet for opinions as to how the United States should respond to the massacre. [81] Forrest's men immediately took over the fort, while U.S. Army soldiers retreated to the lower bluffs of the river, but the USS New Era did not come to their rescue. The effort was spearheaded by Take 'Em Down 901, an organization dedicated to removing Confederate iconography founded by activist Tami Sawyer. A common report is that Forrest arrived in Nashville in April 1867 while the Klan was meeting at the Maxwell House Hotel, probably at the encouragement of a state Klan leader, former Confederate general George Gordon. [80] By 3:30 pm, Forrest had concluded that the U.S. troops could not hold the fort; thus, he ordered a flag of truce raised and demanded that the fort be surrendered. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he raised a cavalry and fought with. Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 October 29, 1877) was a prominent Confederate Army general during the American Civil War and the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from 1867 to 1869. [63][64][65], Not all of Forrest's exploits of individual combat involved enemy troops. His mother, Miriam, then married James Horatio Luxton, of Marshall, Texas, in 1843 and gave birth to four more children.[36]. I loved the old Constitution yet. Their great-grandfather, Shadrach Forrest, moved between 1730 and 1740 from Virginia to North Carolina, where his son and grandson were born; they moved to Tennessee in 1806. [11], Nathan Bedford Forrest was born on July 13, 1821, to a poor settler family in a secluded frontier cabin near Chapel Hill hamlet, then part of Bedford County, Tennessee, but now encompassed in Marshall County. This monument stands as testament of our perpetual devotion and respect for Lieutenant General Nathan Bedford Forrest. In 1845, Forrest married Mary Ann Montgomery (18261893), the niece of a Presbyterian minister who was her legal guardian. [172] In Louisiana, 1,000 blacks were killed to suppress Republican voting. The plans triggered outrage, and around 20 protesters attempted to block the construction of the new monument by lying in the path of a concrete truck. [102] The Confederate press steadfastly defended Forrest's reputation. [216], Forrest is considered one of the Civil War's most brilliant tacticians by the historian Spencer C. Joint Resolution on the Subject of Retaliation", "KKK leader on specialty license plates? [256] After the Forrests' remains were removed from Memphis, they were reportedly buried in Munford, Tennessee[257] until their reburial in Columbia in September 2021 by the Sons of Confederate Veterans.[258]. A crowd gathers around the Nathan Bedford Forrest monument in Memphis' Forrest Park, 1906 Photo via Wikimedia Commons So, they're digging up old Nathan Bedford Forrest over in Memphis . Bedford Forrest, the great Confederate cavalry officer, died at 7:30 o'clock this evening at the residence of his brother, Col. Jesse Forrest. [168] The SeymourBlair Democratic ticket's campaign slogan was: "Our Ticket, Our Motto, This Is a White Man's Country; Let White Men Rule". I heard him make a speech in one of our Dens". Plan in Mississippi raises hackles", "Proposed Mississippi License Plate Would Honor Early KKK Leader", "Group Wants KKK Founder Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest on License Plate", "Haley Barbour Won't Denounce Proposal Honoring Confederate General, Early KKK Leader", "Bust of Civil War General Stirs Anger in Alabama", "Petition Against Selma's Ku Klux Klan Monument", "Mayor Wharton: Remove Nathan Bedford Forrest statue and body from park", "Nathan Bedford Forrest statue won't be relocated", "Tennessee House Punishes Memphis For Confederate Statue Removal", "Nathan Bedford Forrest's descendant: Move the bust from Tennessee's Capitol Featured letter", "Gov. [53], A month later, Forrest was back in action at the Battle of Shiloh, fought April 67, 1862. [181], In response to the Pole-Bearers speech, the Cavalry Survivors Association of Augusta, the first Confederate organization formed after the war, called a meeting in which Captain F. Edgeworth Eve gave a speech expressing strong disapproval of Forrest's remarks promoting inter-ethnic harmony, ridiculing his faculties and judgment and berating the woman who gave Forrest flowers as "a mulatto wench". The oldest of 12 children, Nathan Bedford Forrest was born July 13, 1821, in Chapel Hill, Tennessee. [176] George Cantor, a biographer of Confederate generals, wrote, "Forrest ducked and weaved, denying all knowledge, but admitted he knew some of the people involved. In what would be known as the Third Battle of Murfreesboro, a portion of Forrest's command broke and ran. Congress and Grant passed the Enforcement Acts from 1870 to 1871 to protect the "registration, voting, officeholding, or jury service" of African Americans. Forrest allegedly . [31] He was known as a tireless rider in the saddle and a skilled swordsman. Nathaniel Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821-October 29, 1877) was a Confederate Army general during the American Civil War. Sister: Mildred Forrest (1831-1841) Brother: Bedford Forest (b. The white men fared but little better. Nathan Bedford Forrest Quotes. On July 13, 1862, led them into the First Battle of Murfreesboro, as a result of which all of the U.S. units surrendered to Forrest. The group was a loose collection of local factions throughout the former Confederacy that used violence and the threat of violence to maintain white control over the newly enfranchised formerly enslaved people. [82][83][84] According to historians John Cimprich and Bruce Tap, although their numbers were roughly equal, two-thirds of the black U.S. Army soldiers were killed, while only a third of the whites were killed. [171], Forrest testified before the Congressional investigation of Klan activities on June 27, 1871. On June 13, 1863, Gould confronted Forrest about his transfer, which escalated into a violent exchange. Nathan Bedford Forrest. [193][194], Many memorials have been erected to Forrest, especially in Tennessee and adjacent southern states. "[187], Forrest's funeral procession was over two miles long. On November 4, 1864, during the Battle of Johnsonville, the Confederates shelled the city, sinking three gunboats and nearly thirty other ships and destroying many tons of supplies. Modern historians generally believe that Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow was a massacre, noting high casualty rates and the rebels targeting black soldiers. In the hasty retreat, they stripped off commemorative badges that read "Remember Fort Pillow" to avoid goading the Confederate force pursuing them.[111]. If you read Eddy W. Davison's "Nathan Bedford Forrest: In Search of the Enigma," on page 464 and 474-475, you can see that Forrest not only publicly disavowed the KKK and worked to terminate it, but in August 1874, Forrest "volunteered to help 'exterminate' those men responsible for the continued violence against the blacks." After the murder of four blacks by a lynch mob after they were . Eva, TN 38333. After his bloody defeat at Franklin, Hood continued to Nashville. Upon seeing how badly equipped the CSA was, Forrest offered to buy horses and equipment with his own money for a regiment of Tennessee volunteer soldiers. Death of Nathan Bedford Forrest's Brother at the Battle of Okolona February 23, 2022 Map of Okolona Battlefield core and study areas by the American Battlefield Protection Program. [199] The Tennessee legislature established July 13 as "Nathan Bedford Forrest Day". Nathan Bedford Forrest Bust.jpg 2,150 2,688; 2.22 MB. [175] The committee also noted, "The natural tendency of all such organizations is to violence and crime; hence it was that General Forrest and other men of influence in the state, by the exercise of their moral power, induced them to disband". August 12, 2021. [68] Gould shot Forrest in the hip, and Forrest mortally stabbed Gould. [248] Brett Joseph Forrest, a direct descendant of Nathan, spoke in support of the bust's removal. [110] Sturgis ordered his infantry to advance to the front line to counteract the cavalry. [228] According to this analysis, Forrest's troops were carrying out Confederate policy. [225] Though it was a novel and succinct condensation of the military principles of mass and maneuver, Bruce Catton writes of the spurious quote: Do not, under any circumstances whatever, quote Forrest as saying 'fustest' and 'mostest'. Nathan Bedford Forrest bust at Old Live Oak Cemetery in Selma, Ala. Universal Images Group via Getty By Connor Towne O'Neill July 13, 2020 10:00 AM EDT C onfederate General Nathan Bedford. Forrest County, Mississippi is named after him, as is Forrest City, Arkansas. Historian Court Carney suggested that "embarrassed by their city's early capitulation during the Civil War, white Memphians desperately needed a hero and therefore crafted a distorted depiction of Forrest's role in the war. [48][49] Forrest distinguished himself further at the Battle of Fort Donelson in February 1862. In honor of Gen. Forrest's unwavering defense of Selma, the great state of Alabama, and the Confederacy, this memorial is dedicated. [182][183] The Macon Weekly Telegraph newspaper also condemned Forrest for his speech, describing the event as "the recent disgusting exhibition of himself at the negro jamboree" and quoting part of a Charlotte Observer article, which read "We have infinitely more respect for Longstreet, who fraternizes with negro men on public occasions, with the pay for the treason to his race in his pocket, than with Forrest and [General] Pillow, who equalize with the negro women, with only 'futures' in payment". "Every moment lost is worth the life of a thousand men". [4] While scholars generally acknowledge Forrest's skills and acumen as a cavalry leader and military strategist, he is a controversial figure in U.S. history for his role in the massacre of several hundred U.S. Army soldiers at Fort Pillow, a majority of them black, coupled with his role following the war as a leader of the Klan. He married Mary Frances Bassler on 19 November 1930, in Cook, Illinois, United States. [56] In December 1862, Forrest's veteran troopers were reassigned by General Braxton Bragg to another officer against his protest. [16] William Forrest worked as a blacksmith in Tennessee until 1834, when he moved with his family to Salem, Mississippi. Forest of Confederate fame was at our head, and was known as the Grand Wizard. After serving as the president of the Selma, Marion and Memphis Railroad, he settled on managing a plantation manned by convict labour. Not realizing that the rest of his men had halted their charge when they reached the full U.S. brigade, Forrest charged the brigade alone and soon found himself surrounded. The illness also claimed Forrest's twin sister, Fanny. [132] Aiming to right his past wrongs, Forrest encouraged African-Americans to "work, be industrious, live honestly and act truly", as well as declaring that "when you are oppressed, I'll come to your relief". Forrest led other raids that summer and fall, including a famous one into U.S. Army-held downtown Memphis in August 1864 (the Second Battle of Memphis)[114] and another on a major U.S. Army supply depot at Johnsonville, Tennessee. Gen. James Chalmers, attacked and recaptured Fort Pillow. [126], He later found employment at the Selma-based Marion & Memphis Railroad and eventually became the company president. One of the wounded Matlock men survived and served under Forrest during the Civil War. "[254] In 2021 Sexton voted against the removal of the bust of Forrest from the Tennessee State Capitol and into the Tennessee State Museum, but only one other legislator agreed with him, and the bust was removed. Nathan Bedford Forrest was the only soldier to rise from the rank of private to general during the U.S. Civil War. Instead, he noted that the state legislature would not likely approve the plate anyway. [240][239] The Mississippi NAACP petitioned Governor Haley Barbour to denounce the plates and prevent their distribution. In April 1864, in what has been called "one of the bleakest, saddest events of American military history",[5] troops under Forrest's command at the Battle of Fort Pillow massacred hundreds of troops, composed of black soldiers and white Tennessean Southern Unionists fighting for the United States, who had already surrendered. Forrest, who was a Freemason,[7] joined the Ku Klux Klan in 1867 (two years after its founding) and was elected its first Grand Wizard. Parents and Siblings. Biography: Historically, Nathan Bedford Forrest was a slave dealer before the Civil War, one of the Confederacy's most successful cavalry officers during the war, and a founder of the Ku Klux Klan after the war. [158] Author Andrew Ward, however, writes, "In the spring of 1867, Forrest and his dragoons launched a campaign of midnight parades; 'ghost' masquerades; and 'whipping' and even 'killing Negro voters and white Republicans, to scare blacks off voting and running for office'". The Confederates tried to storm the fort but were repulsed; they rallied and made two more attempts, both of which failed. [174] Grant lost Georgia and Louisiana, where the violence and intimidation against blacks were most prominent. A Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan 'Grand Wizard' has been exhumed and moved from a park where a statue of him once stood in Memphis, Tennessee. Klansmen took their orders from their former Confederate officers. His books include Nathan Bedford Forrest: A Biography , Men of Fire: Grant, Forrest, and the Campaign That Decided the Civil War, and Born to Battle: Grant and ForrestShiloh, Vicksburg, and. In retaliation, Forrest shot and killed two of them with his two-shot pistol and wounded two others with a knife thrown to him. [234], Grant himself described Forrest as "a brave and intrepid cavalry general" while noting that Forrest sent a dispatch on the Fort Pillow Massacre "in which he left out the part which shocks humanity to read". [190], On July 7, 2015, the Memphis City Council unanimously voted to remove the statue of Forrest from Health Sciences Park, and to return the remains of Forrest and his wife to Elmwood Cemetery. [98] The 226 U.S. Army troops taken prisoner at Fort Pillow were marched under guard to Holly Springs, Mississippi and then convoyed to Demopolis, Alabama. Forrest's postwar business career was not as lucrative as his antebellum ventures. Forrest passed away on October 29, 1877. He used his cavalry troops as mounted infantry and often deployed artillery as the lead in battle, thus helping to "revolutionize cavalry tactics",[3] although the Confederate high command is seen by some commentators to have underappreciated his talents. Nathan Bedford Forrest Civil War Print, Gallery Of Gettysburg Brand New $6.40 endzonecards23 (2,459) 100% Was: $8.00 20% off or Best Offer +$5.00 shipping Sponsored General Nathan Bedford Forrest Framed Limited Edition Print "That Devil Forrest" Pre-Owned $350.00 lefor-4928 (0) 0% or Best Offer +$12.45 shipping Sponsored The Klan's violence was primarily designed to intimidate voters, targeting black and white supporters of the Republican Party. The exhumation and reburial were the results of a campaign that began after the Unite the Right Rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 2017. Forrest had fewer men than the U.S. side but feigned having a larger force by repeatedly parading some around a hilltop until Streight was convinced to surrender his 1,500 or so exhausted troops (historians Kevin Dougherty and Keith S. Hebert say he had about 1,700 men). John Goodwin, of Forrest's cavalry command, forwarded a dispatch listing the prisoners captured. As soon as they received the U.S. reply, they moved forward at the command of a junior officer, and the U.S. forces opened fire. The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 77 acres (0.31 km 2) of the Okolona battlefield. People. 100. Either could have been the officer in charge of the event Lucius recalls in The Reivers - "legend to some people maybe. His uncle was killed there in 1845 during an argument with the Matlock brothers. Bragg failed to do so, upon which Forrest was quoted as saying, "What does he fight battles for? He had exhausted his fortune during the war, and with the abolition of slavery he lost one of his most valuable avenues for making money. Newspaper correspondent Sylvanus Cadwallader, who traveled with Grant for three years during his campaigns, wrote that Forrest "was the only Confederate cavalryman of whom Grant stood in much dread". [26], Nathan Bedford Forrest was a tall man who stood sixfeet twoinches (1.88m) in height and weighed about 180 pounds (13st; 82kg);[27][28][29][30] He was noted as having a "striking and commanding presence" by U.S. Army Captain Lewis Hosea, an aide to Gen. James H. Wilson. As of 2007[update], Tennessee had 32 dedicated historical markers linked to Nathan Bedford Forrest, more than are dedicated to all three former Presidents associated with the state combined: Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson. Nathan Bedford Forrest ( Chapel Hill, 13 de julho de 1821 - Memphis, 29 de outubro de 1877) foi o fundador e o primeiro grande lder do Ku Klux Klan, [ 5][ 3] fundado em Pulaski, no Tennessee, em 1865, aps o final da Guerra de Secesso. In the ensuing raids, he was pursued by thousands of U.S. soldiers trying to locate his fast-moving forces. Former Memphis Mayor Willie Herenton, who is black, blocked the move. Others have tried to remove Forrest's bust from the Tennessee House of Representatives chamber. An expert cavalry leader, Forrest was given command of a corps and established new doctrines for mobile forces, earning the nickname "The Wizard of the Saddle". Nathan Bedford Forrest's critics have called him everything from a violent backwoodsman, illiterate redneck, and cruel slaver, to a crooked politician, unfaithful husband, and simple-minded hillbilly. A successful cavalry commander during the Civil War noted for his tactics of mobile warfare,. In August, a historical society called Friends of Forrest moved forward with plans for a new, larger monument to be 12 feet high, illuminated by LED lights, surrounded by a wrought-iron fence, and protected by 24-hour security cameras. [171][172] Forrest played a prominent role in the spread of the Klan in the Southern United States, meeting with racist whites in Atlanta several times between February and March 1868. [57] Again, Bragg ordered a series of raids to disrupt the communications of the U.S. Army forces under Grant, which were threatening the city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. [62] Forrest chased Streight's men for 16 days, harassing them all the way. The infantry, tired, weary, and suffering under the heat, were quickly broken and sent into mass retreat. The Life of Nathan Bedford Forrest by Brian Steel Wills. Needing to make money to support his mother and siblings, Forrest went into business with his uncle, Jonathan Forrest, in . A U.S. infantryman on the ground beside Forrest fired a musket ball at him with a point-blank shot, nearly knocking him out of the saddle. Before the war, Forrest amassed substantial wealth as a cotton plantation owner, horse, and cattle trader, real estate broker, and slave trader. The day was worse for U.S. troops, who suffered 223 killed, 394 wounded, and 1,623 missing. [253], In June 2020, after Black members of the Tennessee House of Representatives unsuccessfully asked it to eliminate a state celebration of Forrest, Representative Cameron Sexton opined: "I dont think anybody here is truly racist. [116] Facing a disastrous defeat, Forrest argued bitterly with Hood (his superior officer) demanding permission to cross the Harpeth River and cut off the escape route of U.S. Army Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield's army. Nathan Bedford Forrest War, Ku Klux Klan, League 168 Copy quote I loved the old government in 1861. "[167] Former Governor of New York Horatio Seymour was nominated as the Democratic presidential candidate, while Forrest's friend, Frank Blair, Jr. was nominated as the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Seymour's running mate. Forrest was elevated in Memphiswhere he lived and diedto the status of folk hero. . [109] When Sturgis's Federal army came upon the crossroads, they collided with Forrest's cavalry. He did not say it that way, and nobody who knows anything about him imagines that he did.[226]. Joe Rondone/The Commercial Appeal/USA Today Network CNN Crews have started to. His declaration had little effect, and few Klansmen destroyed their robes and hoods.[165]. In 1869, Forrest expressed disillusionment with the lack of discipline in the white supremacist terrorist group across the South,[8] and issued a letter ordering the dissolution of the Ku Klux Klan as well as the destruction of its costumes; he then withdrew from the organization. Forrest's Confederate forces were accused of subjecting captured U.S. Army soldiers to extreme brutality, with allegations of back-shooting soldiers who fled into the river, shooting wounded soldiers, burning men alive, nailing men to barrels and igniting them, crucifixion, and hacking men to death with sabers. 769 Words4 Pages. [108] Forrest set up a position for an attack to repulse a pursuing force commanded by Sturgis, who had been sent to impede Forrest from destroying U.S. Army supply lines and fortifications. Nathan Bedford Forrest was certainly an extraordinary man, a Herculean hero of the American wilderness who has blotted his copybook amongst the politically correct because of allegations stemming from his capture of Fort Pillow and his part in the original Ku Klux Klan. [207] After several public forums and discussions, Westside High School was unanimously approved in January 2014 as the school's new name. Under these laws enforced by Grant and the newly formed Department of Justice, there were over 5,000 indictments and 1,000 convictions of Klan members across the Southern United States. Tennessee officials voted Thursday to remove the bust of a Ku Klux Klan and Confederate leader Nathan Bedford Forrest from the State Capitol and into the Tennessee State Museum. On May 3, Forrest caught up with Streight's unit east of Cedar Bluff, Alabama. Meskipun para cendekiawan umumnya mengakui kemampuan Forrest dan keterampilannya sebagai pemimpin kavaleri dan pakar strategi militer, ia masih menjadi figur kontroversial dalam sejarah rasial, khususnya karena . [34][35] He also contracted the disease, but survived; his father recovered but died from residual effects of the disease five years later when Bedford was 16. At the onset of the war in 1861, Jeffery and Nathan each enlisted as a Private into Captain Josiah White's Tennessee Mounted Rifles, a command that would later be designated the 7th Tennessee Cavalry. Browse 85 nathan bedford forrest stock photos and images available or search for nathan bedford forrest statue to find more great stock photos and pictures. When he received news of Lee's surrender, Forrest surrendered as well. He married Mary Ann Montgomery on 25 September 1845, in Hernando, DeSoto, Mississippi, United States. 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