Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. Gen. Martin E. Green was inspecting his picket line at the Shaifer House shortly after midnight when he was amused to see Mrs. Shaifer and the women of the house frantically loading a wagon with all their household items. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. Grant, however, would have other plans; the roads on the west bank of the Big Black River were open all the way to the Mississippi state capital and the critical rail link to Vicksburg. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. Despite heavy Rebel fire, Porter passed the city, losing only one ship. Grant then returned his attention to Vicksburg. The mesmerizing ruins are all that remain of what was once Mississippi's largest antebellum mansion. The Confederates there were commanded by Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen, who had moved a division forward from Grand Gulf to confront Grant's XVII Corps under Maj. General James B. McPherson and XIII Corps under Maj. General John A. McClernand. Vicksburg is located on the eastern side of the Mississippi, south of the mouth of the Yazoo River. The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. The first Union objective was Port Gibson, roughly ten miles east of Bruinsburg and commanding the local road network. His men fell back to the next ridge where early in the afternoon they were reinforced by what remained of Greens brigade. Shortly after midnight on May 1, advanced elements of the 14th Division under Brig. Time and againUlysses S. Granttried and failed to approach the bastion city. Levees were blown up to create flood plains only to carry the boats too high in the water, literally among the branches of the trees. Having developed each other's positions, the opposing forces sat down and waited for daylight. Windsor Ruins. It was a Union victory that sent Confederates in retreat, giving Grant a firm foothold in Mississippi south of Vicksburg. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Meanwhile, Grants troop barges, protected by Porters gunboats, ran past Fort Cobun. Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants first objective after crossing the Mississippi. Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson showed up late in the afternoon with Brig. Vicksburg Campaign: Unvexing the Father of Waters. Port Gibson, MS 39150 The Battle of Port Gibson Having landed on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River unopposed at Bruinsburg, the Union army pushed steadily inland through the night on April 30, 1863. Gen. Martin E. Green's Brigade and took up a position astride the Rodney road just southwest of Port Gibson near Magnolia Church. Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, commander of Confederate troops near Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers under his authority. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Grand Gulf Military Monument Park. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! of Ms. & E. In July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln summoned Major General Henry W. Halleck to Washington to serve as chief of all Union armies. Bowen repulsed the Union navy at Grand Gulf, Major Gen. U.S. Grant landed his troops on the Louisiana side and marched them down river. Join us July 13-16! When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. Every purchase supports the mission. If the Union could gain control of the Mississippi, the Confederacy would be denied easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. Grant understood the nature of the explosion and rode to Grand Gulf with a small escort, enjoying his first bath in weeks, and celebrating the capture of what would become his central supply depot as he moved inland. If you would like to know more, please contact us. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Tracy dispatched infantry and artillery to Greens assistance minutes before cannons began to pound his own line, signaling the advance of a new Union column under Brig. On May 1, the Battle of Port Gibson was fought. The Federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg, on the Mississippi side. Explore the known interments of Soldiers' Rest Cemetery. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton chose to keep most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. The presence of the Natchez Road figured in the May 1, 1863 Battle of Port Gibson.In that battle, Union forces under General Ulysses S . The Union forces were brought across by Read Admiral D.D. #2 Port Gibson Battlefield National Register of Historic Places Updated: 2020-05-09 The Port Gibson Battlefield is the site near Port Gibson, Mississippi where the 1863 Battle of Port Gibson was fought during the American Civil War. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grant's beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. A 2,080-acre (840ha) area surrounding part of the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and a larger area was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. The Battle of Port Gibson on May 1, 1863 was a pivotal event of the Civil War in Mississippi which featured the largest amphibious operation of the United States army prior to June 6, 1944. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. When reinforcements arrived from Brigadier General William E. Baldwin's and Colonel Francis M. Cockrell's brigades, the Rebels established a succession of new lines while being forced back steadily. The 23rd Wisconsin Infantry was held in reserve during the morning but in the afternoon captured 20 prisoners. General Orders, No. The women were terrified and, screaming with fright, leaped into the wagon and whipped the animals toward Port Gibson. Union gunboats, investigating the nature of the explosion, arrived and took Grand Gulf without a shot. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised the majority of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. Windsor Battlefield Tour. Sundown found the two sides settling into a stalemate along a broad front on the Rodney Road several miles from Port Gibson. Fortunately for Grant, Pemberton took his orders to defend Vicksburg at all costs literally. After the battle the mansion was used as a Union hospital and observation post, thus sparing it from being burned by Union troops. Gen. Martin E. Green was inspecting his picket line at the Shaifer House shortly after midnight when he was amused to see Mrs. Shaifer and the women of the house frantically loading a wagon with all their household items. The Union troops pushed forward all along the line, and fierce fighting continued throughout the afternoon. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. Manage Settings Begin or dive deeper into researching your family tree, Learn about the spaces, places, & unique story of your community, The largest North American Heritage collection after the Library of Congress. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked, but Rebels forces defeated him at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862). President Abraham Lincoln. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Grant then returned his attention to Vicksburg. Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862), The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson, Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17). The action intensified on both roads at dawn as the Federals resumed their push toward Port Gibson. [6], The battlefield area is about 4 miles (6.4km) west of Port Gibson. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Gen. J.S. As he relaxed, he caught up on correspondence, including a message from Banks that he was nowhere near Port Hudson. Records 1 - 52. . In July 1862, General Henry Halleck was called to Washington and promoted to chief of all Union armies, leaving Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. Mine Run - Union Off. The ragtag army that had fought so well at Port Gibson would not rest until they had entered the Warrenton fortifications nearly ten miles away. Point Pleasant, Ohio, Birthplace of Ulysses S. Grant, Surrender at Appomattox Court House, McLean House Location, Ohio Generals and Officers of the Civil War, Image Gallery, Battle of the Wilderness, Federal Lines on North Side of Orange Plank Road, Photo, Siege of Vicksburg, Fight in the Crater of Fort Hill, June 25, 1863, Illustration. Additionally, Confederate dead from the Battle of Port Gibson are buried in "Soldiers' Row" of Wintergreen Cemetery, located in the town of Port Gibson. quadrangle map, only one small, intensive level survey was performed within the battlefield area. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracy's breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines began to crumble. The Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, the commander of Confederate troops in and around Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers at his disposal. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Every purchase supports the mission. The Battle of Port Gibson occurred on May 1, 1863, and resulted in the deaths of over 200 Union and Confederate soldiers. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. Bowen deployed Brigadier General Martin E. Green's Brigade west of Port Gibson along Rodney Road and he stationed Brigadier General Edward D. Tracy's brigade across Bruinsburg Road. . Port Hudson West Gulf Blockading Squad. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. May 1, 1863: Battle of Port Gibson. The only surviving historic structure is the Shaifer plantation house, which is where the battle began. The federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg on the Mississippi side. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. First Sergeant Charles Hobbs of the 99th Illinois recorded of his experience that night: As we pass along an old darkey gives us his blessings, but fears there will be few of us ever to return. These met with Confederate defenders under the command of General John S. Bowen at the Shaifer plantation on May 1, with the Union forces victorious in a daylong bloody battle. Union forces entering Port Gibson . As McPhersons troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Greens advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. Defending that border was difficult for the Confederacy because three major rivers (the Mississippi, which flows south to the Gulf of Mexico, and the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers, which flow north to the Ohio River) provided relatively easy access to the South. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowen's force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grant's landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. Join us July 13-16! During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. . On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant's request to attack Fort Henry, located on the Tennessee River. Join us July 13-16! As McPherson's troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Green's advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. Gen. A. J. Smith's 10th Division and Stevenson's Brigade of McPherson's XVII Corps, McClernand resumed the pursuit. The Federal landing at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, on April 30, 1863, and the ensuing victory at the Battle of Port Gibson the next day, cemented a Union presence in western Mississippi that led to the eventual downfall of the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg on the Mississippi River. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. The Battle of Port Gibson was one of the turning points of the War between the States, since this defeat of the Confederates led to the capture of Vicksburg. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Battle of Port Gibson Marker. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised most of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Former U.S. Presidents: #18 Ulysses S. Grant, Alcorn Agricultural And Mechanical College. Resounding Union victories at the Battle of Champion Hill (May 16) and the Battle of Big Black River (May 17), forced Pemberton to take refuge within the City of Vicksburg proper. The victory was key in setting the foundation for Grant's successful conclusion to the Vicksburg Campaign. Port Gibson NYT May 12, 1863. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Map (db m35542) HM Port Gibson Battlefield Mississippi Old Rodney Rd Port Gibson, MS 39150 United States Website https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. Map of the Mississippi River, 1863 . Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Noted are the Battle of Port Gibson, May 1, 1863, the Battle of Raymond, May 12, 1863, the Battle of Jackson, May 14, 1863, the Battle of Champion Hill, May 16, 1863, and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge, May 17, 1863. Gen. Edward Tracy, who anchored the Confederate right flank roughly a mile and half to the northwest. Gen. Peter Osterhaus. On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants request to attack Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. Records 53-97. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. Every purchase supports the mission. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Grant's plan to detach McClernand to Banks would have to wait. Bowens thin line covered both the Rodney and Bruinsburg Roads. 1. The following information is provided for citations. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. The brigades of Brig. Here they began improving the fortifications along the roads to Vicksburg, expecting that Grant would be close behind. Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. Almost by mutual consent, the fighting ebbed by 3:00 a.m., and the weary soldiers in blue and gray rested on their arms. Hallecks departure left Major General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. According to data recorded on the Widow's Creek U.S.G.S. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. The site is also known as the Grindstone Ford. A few miles to the south, McClernand's Corps traveled along Rodney Road. Heavy rear-guard activity took place as the Confederates scrambled to remove their force across the narrow bridge. He sent three divisions, commanded by his most trusted subordinate, General William T. Sherman, down the river from Memphis to attack Vicksburg from the north. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. At dawn the battle was renewed in fury as Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand threw most of his XIII Corps toward Greens thin gray line. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Old Rodney Rd Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Nothing seemed to work. Map (db m105841) HM The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering. After two desperate Rebel counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. The remaining garrison at Grand Gulf was evacuated the next day. Johnston's removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. 3. McPherson's Corps marched along Bruinsburg Road. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Vicksburg, Mississippi, was one of only two places remaining in Confederate hands. Rather than form on Garrotts endangered right, Green assumed position on his left and, thus, provided little support. Contents 1 Background 2 Battle 3 Aftermath 4 Battlefield preservation 5 See also 6 References The Confederate victory proved inconsequential, however. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Struck with the realization that McPherson could cut him off from the bridge over the Big Black River, Bowen ordered the formidable defenses at Grand Gulf abandoned, the magazine exploded, and the heavy artillery destroyed. In late April 1863, Union troops on the west bank advanced toward Vicksburg. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info On April 22, six more boats made it through, bringing Grant the supplies he needed to launch his assault on Vicksburg. This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Port Hudson Conf Official Records. The only Confederate cavalry in the area, Wirt Adams's regiment, had been ordered away to pursue Grierson's raiders, and Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen performed a reconnaissance in force to determine Grant's intentions. Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. Resounding Union victories at the Battle of Champion Hill (May 16) and the Battle of Big Black River Bridge (May 17), forced Pemberton to take refuge within the City of Vicksburg proper. The action intensified on both roads at dawn as the Federals resumed their push toward Port Gibson. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). American History Centralis a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, a program designed to allowsites to generate revenue by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. On our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work American... Union victory that sent Confederates in retreat, giving Grant a firm foothold in Mississippi south of.... 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