/F3 22 0 R /Resources << 0000000016 00000 n /StructParents 5 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 11 0 obj This was localities largest single source of tax revenue. For instance, some cities have implemented a refundable deposit for beverage containers to encourage recycling or sought to enhance public safety by issuing speeding tickets to motorists. 14 0 obj How do taxes affect the economy in the short run? All other taxesincluding corporate income taxes, hotel taxes, and business license taxesprovided $40 billion in revenue (2 percent). /Type /Page Revenue generation in Nigeria local governments is principally derived from TAX. >> >> (2011). Department of Political Science and Public Administration, PMB 4010, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria, You can also search for this author in However, the state government transfer total includes indirect federal funds that are initially allocated to states. Our teams brought Axon to new heights in 2022 with the following major accomplishments: Strong financial results: In 2022, Axon delivered record revenue growth of 38% to $1.19 . Nchuchuwe, F. F. Local government finance in Nigeria in Olojede, I., Fajonyomi, B., & Fatile, J. Much of the change in local government revenue relative to the economy resulted from increasing and decreasing transfers from federal and state governments. 7 Please try again later. How does the federal government spend its money? 9 o"A\|h9MxgZ(wpMk UN==dN#R. 2. >> What is the schedule for the federal budget process? State and local governments collected a combined $3.5 trillion of general revenues in fiscal year 2019. 2.1.3 Sections 31 and 32 of the Local Government Financial and Accounting Regulations 2007 >> It operates a federal system of government that is, . Why do low-income families use tax preparers? >> How do US corporate income tax rates and revenues compare with other countries? International Business Management, 3(3), 5460. >> We also look into the future in an. City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works, Bureau of Engineering standard fee list, July 1, 2018, eng2.lacity.org. On what do economists agree and disagree about the effects of taxes on economic growth? It is therefore recommended that these factors that affect administrative functions be addressed; staff salaries should be paid early; the little resources at hand should be utilized in building infrastructural facilities, and the constitutional laws and bye laws should be reviewed for proper understanding of local government autonomy, power and functions as the third tier of government. << /F10 61 0 R 'ocal governments in, over a number of years. In our experience, governments can capture significant valueup to 50 percent of potential additional revenuesby implementing measures linked to effectiveness such as enhancing collections and audit processes or better asset monetization. %PDF-1.4 % >> 4 0 obj (*(%8H8c- fd9@6_IjH9(3=DR1%? endobj The State's own budgetary issues have put a major strain on local government budgets across Illinois. 7 Other strategies, such as payment plans, can also reduce leakage and increase collections. Sales taxes (general and selective) provided local governments $124 billion (7 percent of general revenue) and individual income taxes accounted for $33 billion (2 percent). Therefore, the following three areas should be examined: In addition, the city should refer back to the results of the citizen sentiment survey conducted during the preparatory stage to help inform the assessment of social acceptance. What would be the effect of a national retail sales tax on economic growth? 9 0 obj How do state and local property taxes work? Taxation as a Source of Revenue Generation in Local Governments, Nigeria Authors: Augustine Osho Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti David Adelagun Ajayi Abstract and Figures period of 5years. R[? /StructParents 4 0000002809 00000 n What is the difference between zero rating and exempting a good in the VAT? Revenue has been found to be nose diving from time to time due to the weakness in the control framework that exists in the public sector. 0000003592 00000 n Hassan, M. M. (2011). /F1 20 0 R 8 Intergovernmental transfers accounted for 36 percent of local general revenue in 2017 (figure 1). Fatile, J., Majekodunmi, A., Oni, A., & Adejuwon, D. (2013). How did the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act change personal taxes? startxref endobj /Group << >> 14 0 obj endobj /Image87 74 0 R Local government and finance in Nigeria in state and local government in Nigeria: The changing scene. /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 841.92] 12 0 obj /GS31 30 0 R /Parent 2 0 R These fines would promote environmentally responsible behavior as well as create a viable revenue stream for the city. <>stream /Filter /FlateDecode /F7 42 0 R What would the tax rate be under a broad-based income tax? /Meta59 53 0 R To establish this dedicated unit, cities could create a cross-functional workforce with representatives from different departments, including finance, planning, property, legislation, and key municipalities. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. What is the experience of other countries with national retail sales taxes? A citizens guide to the fascinating (though often complex) elements of the US tax system. 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas, un.org. How do state and local individual income taxes work? or improve local service delivery, though the opposite can also be true. /Parent 2 0 R The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 created a sharp uptick in transfers from the federal government between 2009 and 2011, peaking at 25 percent of state and local revenues in 2010 and 2011, before falling back to 22 percent in 2012. (2006). << /Image8 18 0 R 15 0 obj Before the crisis, long-term structural deficits were persistent for both individual governments and the entire sector as spending plans and patterns outpaced governments' revenue-generating capacity. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 1(10), 2435. /F5 40 0 R Emerging countries and regions will see the greatest increase in their urban populations, and China, India, and Nigeria represent slightly more than a third of the projected growth in that time frame. /ExtGState << /Tabs /S /MediaBox [0 0 595.32 842.04] Maintaining public support is critical to the longer-term viability of such efforts, and cities must create an attractive business climate. This research work examines how the federal Government of Nigeria generate revenue and the development of Local Government Areas, Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Government Areas, 100% found this document useful (8 votes), 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Revenue Generation and the Development of Local Go For Later. Catawba Publishing Company. /S /Transparency /F2 83 0 R /StructParents 2 /Meta55 44 0 R The capacity of local government to generate revenue internally is one very crucial consideration for the creation of a local council. This gave a substantial and unprecedented reform of autonomy to the, devolved on the local government therefore, became a common $no#ledge that, most of the local government are finding it difficult to cope #ith the present level, The principal aims of creating local governments #ere as, /. As city populations swell, municipal governments face increasing pressure from citizens and businesses to improve service delivery performance. /Group << /F3 84 0 R AMA is one of the most resourced MMDAs <> Rakson Nigeria Ltd. Okotoni, O. /GS7 17 0 R Catawba Publishing Company. By 2050, 68 percent of the global population will live in urban areas. >> What would and would not be taxed under a national retail sales tax? 4. Prior to the 2011 state income tax increase local governments received a 10.0% share of the income tax revenue. Keywords: Local Government, Federalism, Revenue Allocation and Fiscal Federalism 1. How did the TCJA affect incentives for charitable giving? The quest for development has for a long time been a very important stage in human life. 0000000532 00000 n What are inversions, and how will TCJA affect them? /XObject << To address this problem, requires proper implementation of plans directed at enhancing adequate revenue generation. << /Font << 1. /F10 61 0 R 1346-1366. 3 0 obj /GS7 17 0 R >> What are state balanced budget requirements and how do they work? Municipalities could increase service fees (such as those on parking and construction permits) as well as fines, taxes, and the cost of accessing city assets (such as beaches). /Parent 2 0 R (eds) The Political Economy of Colonialism and Nation-Building in Nigeria. Public administration: Theory, analysis and application. What characteristics make fiscal stimulus most effective? /GS31 30 0 R /Image95 78 0 R endobj /Meta42 32 0 R Cover cost to serve where possible. /Font << endobj /Meta77 66 0 R New York, Scribner Press in Institute of Management and Leadership Professional Nigeria (2012). Although local government revenue was about the same relative to gross domestic product in 1977 (8.6 percent) and 2017 (8.7 percent), it has fluctuated over the period (figure 3). Transfers from the federal government have fluctuated considerably over the past three decades. Allocating resource revenues directly to citizens may reduce poverty and improve natural resource revenue accountability, though it may also starve the government of revenues for public investments. /StructParents 9 Meanwhile, housing-program transfers are about 40 percent of federal transfers to local governments. Revenue Generation in Nigeria's Local Government. >> /Meta49 54 0 R But, communities are still facing a numerous difficulties in access to basic goods and services from local governments Authorities (Pradeep, 2011). Thus, the 'ocal government cannot embar$, execute, and possibly carryout the maintenance of these pro%ects and other responsibilities, This is the basic reason #hy development is s$eletal at some 'ocal -overnment, councils in Nigeria. /Meta78 65 0 R Local tax limitations: a primer Property taxes . << /StructParents 6 In addition, to help gauge the likelihood and tenor of social acceptance prior to forging ahead with implementation, cities could consider conducting a citizen sentiment survey to understand how receptive residents might be to specific changes in fee structures and charges. This category involves enhancing internal effectiveness of city teams to generate more revenues without visible impact to the public. Finally, cities could introduce new types of service fees, fines, and chargesand in so doing, create new sources of revenue. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 >> /F3 22 0 R essential social services to the people. In general, this intervention represents the horizon for innovation across all revenue streams. /ExtGState << In our experience, governments that pursue a practical approach to revenue generation can capture up to 50 percent of incremental revenues. )U!$5X3/9 ($5j%V*'&*r" (,!!0b;C2( I8/ <> endobj This charge generates more than $100 million in revenue each year. What tax incentives encourage energy production from fossil fuels? What are defined contribution retirement plans? Principles of leadership. /Meta62 60 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB << state and local government with a recommendation that conscious effort be made to allocate more revenues to states and local governments. Okwori, J., & Sule, A. 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